Web cookies (also called HTTP cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small pieces of data that websites store on your device (computer, phone, etc.) through your web browser. They are used to remember information about you and your interactions with the site.
Purpose of Cookies:
Session Management:
Keeping you logged in
Remembering items in a shopping cart
Saving language or theme preferences
Personalization:
Tailoring content or ads based on your previous activity
Tracking & Analytics:
Monitoring browsing behavior for analytics or marketing purposes
Types of Cookies:
Session Cookies:
Temporary; deleted when you close your browser
Used for things like keeping you logged in during a single session
Persistent Cookies:
Stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted
Used for remembering login credentials, settings, etc.
First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
Third-Party Cookies:
Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
Authentication cookies are a special type of web cookie used to identify and verify a user after they log in to a website or web application.
What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
Proves to the website that you're logged in
Prevents you from having to log in again on every page you visit
Can persist across sessions if you select "Remember me"
What's Inside an Authentication Cookie?
Typically, it contains:
A unique session ID (not your actual password)
Optional metadata (e.g., expiration time, security flags)
Analytics cookies are cookies used to collect data about how visitors interact with a website. Their primary purpose is to help website owners understand and improve user experience by analyzing things like:
How users navigate the site
Which pages are most/least visited
How long users stay on each page
What device, browser, or location the user is from
What They Track:
Some examples of data analytics cookies may collect:
Page views and time spent on pages
Click paths (how users move from page to page)
Bounce rate (users who leave without interacting)
User demographics (location, language, device)
Referring websites (how users arrived at the site)
Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
3. Safari
Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
A sailboat is seen from the eastern shore of the Hudson River at the Norrie Point Environmental Center in Staatsburg, N.Y. Photo: Bill Leukhardt
The Hudson River Estuary directly drains 5,300 square miles of the Hudson River’s 13,390-square-mile watershed. The watershed is mostly in New York State, but also bits of New Jersey, Connecticut and Massachusetts. These and many other interesting facts about the river can be learned at the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, described in the article in the Fall-Winter 2019-2020 issue of Wrack Lines.
Following are some additional photos of the Hudson River NERR.
Volunteers use a seine net to collect river creatures for a survey of river life. Photo: Chris Bowser
Seine nets used by Poughkeepsie High School students on a mid-September field trip dry in the sun at the Norrie Point center. Photo: Bill Leukhardt
Collection day at the Hudson River NERR yielded these glass eels for the Eel Project. Photo: Chris Bowser
A public fishing event drew these and other students to the Norrie Point center. Photo: Chris Bowser
Students from Poughkeepsie High School are equipped with waders, nets and buckets for a day of collection as part of the Eel Project. Photo: Chris Bowser
This worksheet is used by high school teacher Lee Magadini with classes she brings to the Hudson River NERR.
Two pairs of waders dry in the sun outside the Norrie Point center. Photo: Bill Leukhardt
This three-limbed turtle named Hiccup was rescued from High Bar Harbor in New Jersey. The turtle is on display at the Norrie Point Center. Photo: Bill Leukhardt
